Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States, but it is also one of the most preventable and treatable when detected early. Screening can find precancerous growths before they turn into cancer and can detect cancer early, when treatment is most effective.
What is colorectal cancer?
Colorectal cancer begins in the colon or rectum, which make up the large intestine. Most colorectal cancers start as small growths called polyps that form on the inner lining. These polyps often cause no symptoms, but over time, some can develop into cancer.
A colonoscopy allows physicians to find and remove these polyps, preventing cancer before it develops.
Why screening is important
Colorectal cancer often develops slowly and without symptoms in its early stages. This makes screening essential. The American Cancer Society recommends that adults at average risk begin screening at age 45. People with certain risk factors may need to begin earlier.
When colorectal cancer is found early, treatment is more effective, and survival rates are significantly higher.
Risk factors
Several factors can increase your risk, including:
• Age 45 or older
• Family history of colorectal cancer or colon polyps
• Personal history of colon polyps or inflammatory bowel disease
• Obesity
• Physical inactivity
• Diet high in red or processed meats
• Smoking
• Heavy alcohol use
• Type 2 diabetes
Even people without risk factors can develop colorectal cancer, which is why routine screening is recommended.
Warning signs and symptoms
Early colorectal cancer may not cause symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
• Changes in bowel habits, including diarrhea or constipation
• Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding
• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue or weakness
• A feeling that the bowel does not empty completely
These symptoms do not always mean cancer, but they should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
Prevention and early detection
Colorectal cancer can often be prevented through screening and healthy lifestyle choices. Removing precancerous polyps prevents cancer from developing. You can also reduce your risk by maintaining a healthy weight, staying physically active, eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, limiting red and processed meats, avoiding smoking, and limiting alcohol.
If you are age 45 or older, talk with your healthcare provider about colorectal cancer screening. Early detection saves lives.
Family Medicine Center is here to help you stay healthy through preventive care and screening. Schedule an appointment to learn more about your screening options.
Need to request a check-up?
Book your digestive health appointment today. (242) 702-9310 or visit fmcbahamas.org.