Fibroid Awareness Month brings attention to a common yet often misunderstood health condition affecting millions of women worldwide. Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus and can affect women during their reproductive years. While some people with fibroids experience no symptoms, others may deal with heavy bleeding, pelvic discomfort, fertility challenges, or other symptoms that impact their daily lives.
Raising awareness about fibroids helps encourage early conversations, timely diagnosis, and access to appropriate treatment options. Understanding the signs and knowing when to seek medical care can help women take control of their reproductive health.
What Are Uterine Fibroids?
Uterine fibroids, also called leiomyomas or myomas, are muscular growths that form from the tissue of the uterus. They are almost always benign, meaning they are not cancerous. Fibroids can vary greatly in size—from as small as a seed to large growths that can affect the shape and size of the uterus.
Some women may have a single fibroid, while others may develop multiple fibroids. Their location, size, and number can influence the symptoms a person experiences.
There are several types of fibroids, including:
- Intramural fibroids: The most common type, which grow within the muscular wall of the uterus.
- Submucosal fibroids: These develop beneath the inner lining of the uterus and may affect menstrual bleeding and fertility.
- Subserosal fibroids: These grow on the outside of the uterus and may cause pressure on nearby organs.
- Pedunculated fibroids: These grow on a stalk-like structure attached to the uterus.
What Causes Fibroids?
The exact cause of uterine fibroids is not fully understood, but research suggests that several factors may contribute to their development.
Factors associated with fibroid growth include:
- Hormonal changes: Estrogen and progesterone, hormones involved in the menstrual cycle, can stimulate fibroid growth.
- Genetics: Women with a family history of fibroids may have a higher likelihood of developing them.
- Age: Fibroids are most common during the reproductive years, especially between the ages of 30 and 50.
- Lifestyle factors: Diet, weight, and other health factors may influence fibroid risk.
It is important to remember that developing fibroids is common, and having them does not mean someone has done anything wrong or caused them to occur.
Recognizing the Symptoms of Fibroids
Many women with fibroids have mild symptoms or no symptoms at all. However, when symptoms occur, they can range from uncomfortable to significantly disruptive.
Common symptoms include:
- Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Lower back pain
- Frequent urination due to pressure on the bladder
- Constipation caused by pressure on surrounding organs
- Pain during sexual activity
- Abdominal enlargement or a feeling of fullness
- Difficulty becoming pregnant or pregnancy complications
Heavy menstrual bleeding is one of the most common concerns associated with fibroids. Some women may experience periods that last longer than a week, require frequent changing of menstrual products, or lead to fatigue due to iron deficiency anemia.
How Are Fibroids Diagnosed?
If fibroids are suspected, a healthcare provider may begin with a discussion about symptoms, menstrual history, and medical background. A physical examination and imaging tests can help confirm a diagnosis.
Common diagnostic methods include:
- Pelvic ultrasound: Uses sound waves to create images of the uterus and identify fibroids.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Provides detailed images to evaluate the size and location of fibroids.
- Hysteroscopy: Allows a provider to view the inside of the uterus using a small camera.
- Blood tests: May be used to check for anemia caused by heavy bleeding.
Early evaluation is important because symptoms such as heavy bleeding or pelvic pain can sometimes overlap with other health conditions.
Treatment Options for Fibroids
Treatment depends on several factors, including the size and location of fibroids, severity of symptoms, age, overall health, and whether pregnancy is desired.
Treatment options may include:
Monitoring
For women with small fibroids and mild or no symptoms, a healthcare provider may recommend regular monitoring to track changes over time.
Medications
Certain medications may help manage symptoms such as heavy bleeding or pelvic discomfort. While medications may not remove fibroids, they can help improve quality of life.
Minimally Invasive Procedures
Some procedures can treat fibroids without major surgery. Options may include:
- Uterine fibroid embolization, which blocks blood flow to fibroids causing them to shrink.
- Procedures that remove fibroids while preserving the uterus.
Surgery
In some cases, surgery may be recommended.
Surgical options include:
- Myomectomy: Removes fibroids while keeping the uterus intact.
- Hysterectomy: Removes the uterus and is considered a permanent treatment option.
A healthcare provider can help determine which approach is best based on individual needs and goals.
Fibroids and Fertility
Many women with fibroids are able to become pregnant and have healthy pregnancies. However, depending on their size and location, fibroids may sometimes affect fertility or pregnancy outcomes.
Fibroids may contribute to:
- Difficulty becoming pregnant
- Pregnancy complications
- Increased risk of certain pregnancy concerns
Women who are experiencing fertility challenges or planning a pregnancy should discuss their options with a healthcare provider.
When Should You See a Doctor?
It is important to talk with a healthcare professional if you experience:
- Very heavy menstrual bleeding
- Periods lasting longer than normal
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Unexplained fatigue
- Changes in menstrual patterns
- Difficulty becoming pregnant
Keeping track of symptoms, menstrual cycles, and changes in your health can help your provider better understand your concerns.
Raising Awareness During Fibroid Awareness Month
Fibroids are common, but many women continue to experience symptoms without seeking help. Increased awareness can help reduce stigma around menstrual health and encourage more women to prioritize their care.
This Fibroid Awareness Month, take time to learn about the signs of uterine fibroids and have open conversations about women’s health. Understanding your body and seeking medical advice when something feels different are important steps toward protecting your health.
At Family Medicine Center, our healthcare team is committed to providing compassionate, comprehensive care for women at every stage of life. If you are experiencing symptoms associated with fibroids or have concerns about your reproductive health, schedule an appointment with our team for guidance, evaluation, and personalized care.
Your health matters, and early conversations can make a meaningful difference.